Category: Policy & Business

Countryside & Environmental Stewardship

Annual revenue claims for both Countryside Stewardship (CS) and Environmental Stewardship (ES) agreements can now be made.  CS applicants will find an Annual Declaration via their Rural Payments accounts.  If there are no changes to last year and no rotational options to declare, it is possible to submit a revenue claim with a ‘single click’ without needing to complete each section of the claim form.  For those with changes to last year, or if the location of rotational options has changed (or if you want to check what you are claiming for!) you need to look through and complete the different sections of the form, before submitting online.

ES agreement holders will receive their claim form either by email or post which needs completing and returning back to the RPA.

The deadline to submit both CS and ES revenue claims (without any reductions) is 15th May 2025.  If the deadline is missed, applications can still be made up until 1st September, but the following deductions will be applied to the payment;

  • Between 16 May and 2 June – 5% reduction
  • Between 3 June and 30 June – 10% reduction
  • Between 1 July and 1 September – 25% reduction
  • After 1 September or not received at all – 100% reduction – no claim paid

The RPA are also reminding claimants to update their land use codes before submitting their claims.  With no BPS claim made now, it appears there is less of a tendancy for land managers to go through the process of updating their landuse on the system or sitting down with their agent to do this.

SFI Closed

The SFI Expanded Offer (SFI 2024) was suddenly closed on the evening of the 11th March.  Defra has said all existing SFI agreement holders will continue to be paid under the terms of their agreement for its duration.  This means those who submitted their application earlier this year will be paid until 2028.  For many others who will be at different stages in the application process the situation is;

  • If you have been offered an agreement, but not yet accepted it, you need to accept you offer within 10 working days of it being offered, if you don’t, your agreement offer may be withdrawn. 
  • Where an SFI application has been submitted but no agreement has yet been offered these should be offered as long as the application is eligible (although there is a conflict with the wording in the blog and the press release from Defra with the latter saying these will be ‘considered’.)
  • For those who have started an application, but had not submitted it before applications closed, they will not be able to submit the application.  The only exceptions to this are a small group of farmers who were blocked from submitting their applications due to a system fault or had requested ‘assisted digital’ support from the RPA to apply.
  • For those taking part in the the SFI Pilot, they will be able to apply when their pilot agreement ends, or if the agreement has already  finished but they haven’t submitted an application for the expanded SFI offer yet, they will still be able to apply. The RPA will let them know how to do this shortly.

Defra has said now is the time for a ‘reset’ and there will be a revised offering with details being announced in summer 2025, ‘building on lessons learned and stakeholder feedback’.  A budget for the scheme will be confirmed in the Spending Review this summer, it has also said the revised offering will direct funding where there is ‘greatest potential to do more on nature and where there is the least ability to access decent returns from agricultural markets, or other sources of investment, as set out in the Land Use Framework’.

It appears that Defra has been surprised by the popularity of the scheme and the budget is all allocated.  However, this is odd in the light of Defra Secretary announcing other spending commitments less than a month before.  Also, the 2025/26 financial year only starts in April.  The budget for this year has already been allocated to Defra – the Comprehensive Spending Review sets funds for the next three years.  Given that the BPS is being cut deeply for 2025, it seems odd that funds are exhausted already.  We await further details in the summer, but appears it maybe 2026 before the scheme is reopened and it will certainly be different to what we have have seen.  The sudden closure will be a massive blow to many who will have spent time and money preparing schemes to now not be able to submit them when they have been told applications can be made ‘all year round’.  This will only further erode English farmers’ trust in the Government.

Policy Announcements

Capital grants will be available again in England after the schemes were closed in the autumn due to budget over-runs.  This was included in a set of announcements made by Defra Secretary of State Steve Reed in a speech at the NFU Annual Conference on the 25th February.  They are aimed at boosting the profitability of the farming sector.

The announcements are;

  • Capital Grants (existing) – 4,000 applications to this scheme (previously called Countryside Stewardship captial grants) were suspended in November (see https://abcbooks.co.uk/capital-grants-closed/) due to budget pressures.  It is stated that these will be processed in full when the new 2025/26 financial year starts.
  • Capital Grants (new) – the scheme will open again ‘later this year’.  To limit spending, there will be a a cap of £25,000 for applications to the water quality, air quality and flood management themes.  The trees and boundaries theme will have a limit of £35,000.  There is a total budget of £45m.
  • Farm Equipment & Technology Fund (FETF) – another round is due to open in the spring.  This is set to be the final round of the scheme however.   The FETF has not been open since last spring.  There will be a budget of £30m for the Productivity and Slurry Management items, and £16.7m for Animal Health and Welfare.  The announcement states that grants from £1,000 to £25,000 will be available; previously Productivity and Slurry Management Grants were up to a maximum of £50,000.
  • Other Grants – There has been no announcement regarding the ‘larger’ capital grants which were available under the Farming Investment Fund (FIF) (Improving Productivity, Adding Value, Livestock Housing, Water Managment etc).  The Farming Innovation Programme will reopen with funding of £42.5m.  This is a competitive scheme which offers grants for research and development projects that benefit farmers, growers and foresters.  It will focus on the themes of precsion breeding and net zero.  A new funding stream worth £20m called Accelerating Development of Practices and Technologies (ADOPT) will fund innovation.
  • Farming in Protected Landscapes (FiPL) – the scheme is to be extended to 2026.  No indication on budget has been provided.
  • HLS – those with old agreements under this scheme rolling-on will see payments rates increase.  Agreement holders will be written to by the end of April.
  • Animal Health and Welfare – the current ‘Pathway’ will be amended so there is more flexibility for farmers to have funded vet visits for multiple species.
  • Seasonal Workers Scheme (SWS) – the Seasonal Worker visa route will be extended for five more years.  The quota will be reviewed annually, although it looks like this will be downwards as it talks about ‘supporting farms while gradually reducing visa numbers as we develop alternative solutions’.
  • Procurement – a new requirement for Government catering contracts to favour high-quality, high-welfare products from local farms.  The Government’s ambition is for at least 50% of food supplied into the £5 billion public sector catering contracts to be from British producers or those certified to higher environmental standards.
  • Trade deals – it is stated that the Government will uphold and protect the UK’s high environmental and animal welfare standards in future trade deals (a very easy announcment to make and with no cost).
  • Defra – a ‘Farming Profitability Unit’ will be created in the Department.  Its remit is not yet clear.  
  • Biosecurity – £200 million will be invested to improve resilience against animal disease.  The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) animal health facility at Weybridge will be turned into a new National Biosecurity Centre.

Further details are awaited, particularly on opening dates for the capital grants.  Farmers will be pleased to hear of the re-opening, although it will be interesting to see what/if items have been removed from the ‘lists’.  We will endeavour to keep readers updated.

Trade Update

Since the inauguration of President Trump on 20th January, there have been a major shift in US trade policy back towards protectionism.  Whilst this has not directly affected UK agriculture yet, it has caused significant upheaval, particularly in the likes of Canada and Mexico.  These countries narrowly avoided a trade war and the imposition of 25% tariffs on all exports to the US.  The imposition of tariffs have been suspended for a month, although US officials have suggested that the tariff threat was intended as leverage in ongoing trade talks, rather than a permanent policy shift.  There is also a universal 25% tariff on steel imports and a 10% tariff on aluminium.  These announcements have created significant volatility in commodity prices and exchange rates which, in turn, have contributed to greater market uncertainty, including for agricultural commodities.

There are some indications that the EU is next on the Trump administration’s hit-list as it views several aspects of EU trade policy, including sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations as being unfair to the US.  It remains to be seen how this will play out as the Trump administration is also using the threat of tariffs to gain concessions elsewhere (e.g. border control and security) as it has done with Canada and Mexico.  Of course, with the UK being outside of the EU, it would not be directly affected by such moves.  That said, a bilateral trade spat between the UK and the US cannot be ruled out although the British Government is doing its best to stay on the right side of Trump on most issues.

Therefore, whilst the new US administration has brought greater uncertainty to commodities markets and threats of tariffs being imposed at short notice, the effects on British agriculture have thus far been relatively low.  Longer term, the possibility of a US-UK free trade agreement cannot be completely ruled out, although any deal would have to offer significant advantages to the US.  Such a deal would likely signify increased competition for products such as beef and pork although there could be some opportunities for British lamb and some dairy products. 

The world has entered a period of significant upheaval, not just in terms of trade policy, but politically as well.  Navigating through this will require a careful balancing act particularly as the UK would like to reset (closen) its relationship with the EU whilst also striving not to do anything to disrupt its relationship with an unpredictable US administration.  The next four years are going to be eventful!

Hedgerow Regulation Enforcement

Defra has published its guidance on the RPA’s regulatory approach and the use of civil sanctions to enforce the Hedgerow Regulations.  New rules to protect hedgerows and new enforcement rules were required follwing the end of cross-compliance.  See our Bulletin of 20th November for more information https://abcbooks.co.uk/hedgerow-regulations/ .  Under the new rules, the RPA will, in most cases, provide ‘advice and guidance’ in the first instance before taking enforcement action.  However, in some cases, it may consider civil or criminal sanctions as an immediate response, where needed.  The full guidance can be found at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/management-of-hedgerows/regulatory-approach-and-use-of-civil-sanctions-for-the-management-of-hedgerows-england-regulations-2024 .

SFI Uptake

In England, 64% of the agricultural area is now covered by some form of agri-environment scheme.  Data published by Defra in February showed the combined area of Environmental Stewardship, Countryside Stewardship and Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI) agreements at 5.6 million hectares as of 31st December 2024.  Around this headline figure Defra have provided a possible range for uptake from 4.3Mha to 6.0Mha.  This depends on the degree of scheme overlap and whether or not ‘planning’ actions are included.

There is large uptake of SFI, with 3.5 million hectares of parcels managed under the 2023 scheme.  A further 0.4 million hectares is managed under the Expanded Offer (SFI 2024) which opened in July 2024.  Alongside the dataset on the area under agri-environment schemes is data showing the area of SFI actions as of 31st January 2025.  Soil Management Planning (SAM1 and CSAM1) remains the most popular option in terms of area.

The figures also highlight an increase in the number of agreements.  From October to January an additional 6,000 agreements were in place under SFI 2024.  The total under SFI 2024 is now 6,900.  This combines with 25,300 agreements under SFI 2023.  It is now more challenging to draw assumptions as to the total number of farms which have entered into an SFI scheme.  The changes to the scheme, introduced in July 2024, mean that farms are now likely to have multiple SFI agreements in place. Whilst it was initially proposed that farms would be able to expand agreements, this is now not possible.  Additional agreements are required to expand the level of SFI on farm.

There has been a relatively low uptake of some of the upland actions introduced with the Expanded Offer.  Actions such as native breeds and shepherding supplements, have, at most, 4,100 hectares placed in them.  This is a potential demonstration of many upland businesses already being in extensive ES and CS schemes.  This limits the ability to enter SFI.  However, there are large increases in the area covered by the maintenance of dry stone wall and earth/ hedge bank payments.

The figures can be seen at https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/annual-countryside-stewardship-and-environmental-stewardship-summary-data#latest .

Rural Delivery Plan: Scotland

The Scottish Government is asking for views to help shape its Rural Delivery Plan.  The Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs, Land Reform and Islands, Mairi Gougeon, has said ‘The Rural Delivery Plan will introduce, for the first time, a vision for rural Scotland with specific objectives and achievements we want to reach, how we intend to get there and how we will measure success along the way‘.  The Plan will cover agriculture, together with a range of other areas, such as transport, housing, health and social care, marine, land reform, population, skills, digital connectivity and economic development.  Established in June 2023, a Ministerial Working Group is overseesing the Plan’s development which is scheduled for publication by the end of the current Parliamentary term, expected in summer or autumn 2025.  Currently the Government has a Survey open to gather views, this can be found via https://consult.gov.scot/agriculture-and-rural-economy/rural-delivery-plan-vision-objectives-kpis/  Note, it is only open until 17th March.

 

Delinked Payments

Defra has confirmed, as from 2025, that it plans to make Delinked payments (aka the BPS) as one payment from 1st August each year, rather than splitting it into two installments as it has been doing in recent years.  Similar to last year, it will not be necessary to apply to receive Delinked payments they will be sent to eligible businesses automatically. Obviously the Delinked (BPS) payment is much less of a ‘big deal’ than in previous years, as this year Reference Amounts will be reduced by 76% for the first £30,000 and by 100% for any amounts over this, so effectively limiting all payments to a maximum of £7,200.  There has been no confirmation of the deductions being applied for 2026 and 2027 as yet.

IHT Impasse

On the 18th February representatives of the NFU, CLA, TFA and CAAV met with Treasury and Defra Ministers to discuss the changes to Inheritance Tax reliefs announced in the Budget (see https://abcbooks.co.uk/budget-autumn-2024/).   This is the first face-to-face meeting between farming interests and the Government on the matter.  It seems fair to say it did not go well.  George Dunn of the TFA described it as ‘one of the most unproductive meetings I’ve had in the 20 years, and that’s no exaggeration‘.  Alternatives to the Government’s proposals were presented but the Treasury reportedly showed no interest in discussing them.  The line taken was that all options had been explored before the Budget and the current plans were the best policy.  It therefore seems that the Government is doubling-down on its plans.  The farming sector is likely to continue to protest but it currently appears as if the changes in Agricultural Property Relief are likely to be introduced in April 2026.  The advice is still to wait for draft legislation to be published (probably in the summer) before making any business changes as the devil is often in the detail.  However, with no revision in the plans looking likely, landowners may wish to think a little harder about their sucession plans.